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3. The structural view of language
结构主义语言理论
4. The functional view of language
功能主义语言理论
5. The interactional view of language
交互语言理论
6. Common views on language learning
关于语言学习的普遍观点
7. Process-oriented theories and condition-oriented theories
强调过程的语言学习理论和强调条件的语言学习理论
8. The behaviorist theory
行为主义学习理论
9. Cognitive theory
认知学习理论
10. Constructivist theory
建构主义学习理论
11. Socio-constructivist theory
社会建构主义理论
12. Qualities of a good language teacher
一个好的语言老师必备的素养
13. Teacher’s 
professional development
教师专业技能发展
本章考点：
我们如何习得语言；结构主义语言理论；功能主义语言理论；交互语言理论；关于语言学习的普遍观点；强调过程的语言学习理论和强调条件的语言学习理论；行为主义学习理论；认知学习理论；建构主义学习理论；社会建构主义理论；成为一个好的语言老师所要具备的基本素质；教师专业技能发展图。
本章内容索引：
Ⅰ. The way we learn languages
Ⅱ. Views on language
1. The structural view of language
2. The functional view of language
3. The interactional view of language
Ⅲ. Views on language learning and learning in general
1. Research on language learning
2. Common views on language learning and learning in general
（1）Behaviorist theory
（2）Cognitive theory
（3）Constructivist theory
（4）Socio-constructivist theory
Ⅳ. Qualities of a good language teacher
Ⅴ. Development of a good language teacher
Ⅵ. An 
overview of the book
This chapter serves as an introduction for setting the scene for this methodology course. It discusses issues concerning 
views on language and language learning or learning in general with the belief that such views will affect teachers’ ways of teaching and thus learners’ ways of learning. The qualities of a good language teacher are also discussed in order to raise the participants’ awareness of what is required for a good English teacher.
这一章主要是介绍教学法的方法论，其中讨论的问题涉及语言和语言学习的观点，或者一般学习及这些观点对教师教学方式和学习者学习方式的影响，本章也讨论了一个好的英语教师应具备的素质，以提高语言教学参与者对优秀英语教师相关要求的意识。
Ⅰ. The way we learn languages（我们习得语言的方式）
Much of human behaviour is influenced by their experiences. The way language teachers teach in the classroom is to some extent influenced by the way they learned languages. This is especially true in foreign language 
teaching.
大多数人类行为受过往经验的影响。语言老师在课堂上的教学方式也会受到他们语言学习方式的影响。在学习外语时尤为如此。
The challenge confronting language teaching is how teaching methodology can ensure successful learning by all the learners who have more differences than the commonality.
语言教学面临的挑战是：教学法如何才能保证不同之处多于相同之处的学习者成功习得语言。
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