- A+
四大发现：the four great inventions
印刷术/*活字印刷术：printing/movable-type printing
造纸术：paper-making
指南针：compass
炸药：gunpowder
丝绸之路：the Silk Road
磁器/*陶器：china/pottery
硬币/纸币：coins/paper bills
对外商业/海外商业/*海上商业：foreign trade/overseas trade/maritime co妹妹erce
古代文明：ancient civilization
文化交换：cultural exchange
文化冲突：cultural shock/cultural conflict
文化财产：cultural industry
文化遗产：cultural heritage
村落文化：rural culture
民族文化：national culture
民间艺术：folk art
演出艺术：performing art
特性：feature/characteristic
先人：ancestor
哲学家：philosopher
中国文学：Chinese literature
中外学者：Chinese and overseas scholars
巨著：great works
显著成绩：remarkable achievements
神话/传说：myth/legend
阳历/阴历：solar calendar/lunar calendar
金/木/水/火/土：metal/wood/water/fire/earth
工艺/手工艺品：craft/ handicraft
唐代：Tang Dynasty
始于...年/延续...时候/衰亡：begin in/last for/collapse
统治/统治者：govern (v.) rule (v)/ruler (n.)
在...统治下：during the reign of ...
权利/权势巨子：power/authority
戏剧/京剧/剧场：drama/Peking Opera/theater
诗人/政客：poet/politician
少数民族：ethnic minority
社会职位地方：social status
发源于：originate in/from …
（在一个处所发源用in，从一个处所发源用from）
追溯到: be traced back to …/trace … back to…
发祥地：birthplace
古代：ancient times
现代：modern times
怪异元素：a unique element
构成（选一背诵便可）：
A constitute B/A comprise B/A make up B （A构成B）
B consist of A/B is composed of A （B由A构成）
【常见毛病：切忌不要用comprise of】
工业革命：industrial revolution
代表：represent/stand for
意味：symbolize (v.) /symbolic (adj.) /symbol (n.)
繁华：prosperous (adj.) / prosperity (n.) /flourish (v.)
国宝：national treasure
*败北：corruption
*扩展国土：extend the territory/domain
*篡夺政权：seize the power
*才子佳人：gifted scholars and beautiful ladies
*下棋吃茶品茗：play chess and drink tea
*耕作收割：sow and reap
*织布缝衣：weave and sew
*湖上打渔：fish on the lake
*砍柴采药：cut firewood and gather herbs
*吟诗作画：compose poems and paint pictures
经典模板句操练：
1.中国技击（martial art）的发源可以追溯到自卫的必要、打猎勾当和古代中国的军事练习 (CET-4)。
The origin of Chinese martial art can be traced back to the needs of self-defense, hunting and ancient Chinese military training.
2.组成现活着界根本的很多元素都发源于中国 (CET-4)。
Many elements which constitute/comprise the foundation of the modern world originated in China.
3.最出名的就是门神和三大神——福神、薪神和寿神（Three Gods of Blessing, Salary and Longevity），寄意着庄稼丰登，六畜旺盛和庆贺春节 (CET-4,6)。
The most famous ones are Door Gods and Three Gods of Blessing, Salary
and Longevity, symbolizing/which symbolize the good/abundant harvest of crops, the
prosperity of domestic/home animals and the celebration of the Spring Festival.
4.当时，黄色是专为天子利用的色彩，皇家宫殿全都漆成黄色，皇袍老是黄色的，而平凡老苍生是制止穿黄色衣服的 (CET-4)。
At that time, yellow was only/exclusively used for the emperor. The royal palace was painted yellow and the imperial robe was always yellow. However, ordinary people were forbidden to wear clothes of the color.
5.反响在艺术和文学中的村落糊口抱负是中国文明的首要特性。这在很大水平上归功于道家（Taoist）对天然的豪情。(CET-6)
The rural life ideal reflected in the arts and literature is an important feature of Chinese civilization. This, to a large extent, can be attributed to the Taoist affection towards nature.
6.汉代统治时代有不少显著的成绩，它最早向其他文化洞开了大门，对外商业旺盛。汉代开辟的丝绸之路通向中西亚甚至罗马，各种艺术门户繁华，出现了不少文学，汗青，哲学巨著。(CET-6)
There are a number of remarkable achievements during the reign of the Han dynasty, which first unlocked the door to other cultures and made foreign trade prosperous. The Silk Road which the Han dynasty has explored led to Central and Western Asia, and even to Rome, with all varieties of art schools flourishing and many works in literature, history and philosophy.
7.大妈是对中年主妇的称号，可是如今特指不久前金价大跌时大量采办黄金的中国主妇。(CET-6)
The word “dama” is used to describe middle-aged women. However, it particularly refers to those Chinese women who rushed to purchase a large amount of gold when the gold price decreased sharply not long ago.
8.宋代还最先利用炸药并发现了活字（movable-type）印刷。生齿增加敏捷，愈来愈多的人住进都会，那边有热烈的文娱场合。社会糊口多种多样。人们汇集在一块儿旁观和买卖贵重艺术品。宋代的当局体质在那时也是先辈的。当局官员均经由过程竞争性测验提拔任用。(CET-6)
The Song Dynasty was the first to use gunpowder and to invent movable-type printing. With rapidly increasing population, more and more people moved into cities, in which entertainment venues were very busy. There are many forms of social life. The Song dynasty also had an advanced government system in the world. All of the government officials were selected and appointed through the competitive examination.
二.游览都会类
●
风光/风景：scenery/landscape
目标地：destination
景点：tourist attraction/scenic spot
旅游：sightseeing (n.)/see the sight
汗青奇迹：historic site
文物：cultural relic
位于：be located in
以…而著名/作为…而著名：be famous for …/be famous as
享誉盛名：earn a great reputation
有…年汗青：has a history of … years
面积/生齿：area/population
平方千米：square kilometers
范围：scale
渔村/水乡：fishing village/water town
偏僻地域：remote areas
日出/日落：sunrise/sunset
潮湿的/干燥的：wet(humid)/dry
雄伟绚丽：magnificent
医治疾病：treat diseases
温泉/瀑布：hot spring/waterfall
园林修建：garden architecture
寺庙/殿堂：temple/hall
塔：pagoda/tower
楼：mansion
亭：pavilion
溪/河/海：stream/river/sea
林/田/*牧：forest/field/pasture
东南角/东南部：southeastern corner/southeastern part
华北：North China/northern China/northern regions of China
陕南：southern Shaanxi
江南：Yangtze River Delta
山东省中部：in the center of Shandong Province
*蜿蜒巷子：winding road/trail
朝圣/朝圣者 pilgrimage/pilgrim
*避暑胜地：su妹妹er resort
*美不堪收：too many beautiful things to be appreciated at once
*著名遐迩：known far and wide
*奇树异草：exotic flowers and herbs
*络绎不停：an endless stream
山川画：landscape painting
拍照：photography
得到灵感：obtain inspiration
缆车：cable cars
新趋向：new trend/tendency
背包观光/背包客：backpacking/backpacker
体验文化：experience cultures
丰硕常识：enlarge knowledge
拓展视线：broaden horizon
糊口节拍：life tempo/pace
餐馆/旅店：restaurant/hotel
室第/集市/天井：dwelling/market/courtyard
洪水/干旱：flood/drought
衣食住行：clothing, meals, acco妹妹odation, transportation
月饼：moon cake
海鲜：seafood
年糕：rice cake
饺子：dumplings
面条：noodle
面粉：flour
粥：porridge
米饭（水稻）：rice
谷物（食粮）：grain
小麦：wheat
三明治：sandwich
汉堡：hamburger
汤：soup
菜：dish/cuisine（dish是一道菜，cuisine是菜肴、烹调）
糖/盐/醋/酒/油：sugar/salt/vinegar/wine/oil
色/香/味/行：color/aroma/taste/appearance
酸/甜/苦/辣/咸/淡：sour/sweet/bitter/spicy/salty/light
煮/炸/熏/烤：boil/fry/smoke/bake(roast, grill)
西瓜/葡萄：watermelon/grape
经典模板句操练：
1.黄山位于安徽省南部。它风光怪异，尤以其日出和云海著称。(CET-4)。
Mount Huang is located in the south of Anhui province. With unique sceneries, it is particularly famous for the sunrise and the sea of clouds.
2.年青旅客数目的不竭增长，可以归因于他们敏捷提高的收入和摸索外部世界的好奇心。 (CET-4)。
The number of young tourists/travelers/visitors is increasing, which can be attributed to the rapid growth of their income and the curiosity to explore the outside world.
3.传说中国古代哲学家墨子用了三年时候在潍坊建造了世界上首个鹞子，但放飞的第一天鹞子就坠落并摔坏了。(CET-4)。
It is said that Motse, one of the philosophers in ancient China, spent three years in Weifang in making the first kite in the world, and that the kite fell and crashed on the first day when it flew in the sky.
4.中国南边大多莳植水稻，人们凡是以大米为主食；而华北大部门地域由于过于严寒或过于干燥，没法莳植水稻，那边的重要作物是小麦。(CET-4)。
Rice is mainly grown in southern China where people usually take rice as the staple food. However, because it is either too cold or too dry, it is impossible to grow rice in most of the northern regions of China, so the main crop there is wheat.
5.丽江处处都是标致的天然风景，浩繁的少数民族同胞供给了百般各样、丰硕多彩的文化让旅客体验。(CET-4)
There is beautiful natural scenery everywhere in Lijiang, and many ethnical minorities provide tourists with a great variety of cultural experiences.
6.珠江是华南一大河系，流经广州市，是中国第三长的河道，仅次于长江和黄河。(CET-4)
The Pearl River, an extensive river system in southern China, flows through Guangzhou City. It is the China’s third longest river which is only after the Yangtze River and the Yellow River.
7.长江流经多种分歧的生态体系，是诸多濒危物种的栖息地，浇灌了中国五分之一的地皮。(CET-4)
Flowing through many different ecosystems, the Yangtze River is the habitat to a whole host of endangered species and irrigates one fifth of the land in China.
8.中国园林是颠末三千多年蜕变而成的独具一格的园林景观。它既包含为皇室成员享乐而制作的大型花圃，也包含学者、商人和离任的当局官员为解脱喧闹的外部世界而制作的私人花圃。这些花圃构成为了一种意在表达人与天然之间应有的调和瓜葛的微缩景观。典范的中国园林附近有围墙，园内有水池、假山（rockworks）、树木、花卉和各类各样由蜿蜒的巷子和走廊毗连的修建。安步在花圃中，人们可以看到一系列精心设计的景观如同山川画卷（scroll）一般展如今眼前。(CET-6)
The Chinese garden has become a landscape of a unique style after an evolvement of more than 3000 years. It includes not only the large gardens built for royal members to enjoy themselves, but also the private gardens built for scholars, merchants and retired government workers to get rid of the noisy outside world. These gardens constitute a miniature designed to express the harmonious relationship between man and nature. A typical Chinese garden is surrounded by walls. In the garden, there are ponds, rockworks, trees, flowers and all kinds of buildings which are linked by winding trails and corridors. Wandering in the garden, people may feel that a series of well-designed scenery exhibit itself before us like a landscape scroll.
三.科学教诲类
●
大一/大二/大三/大四：freshman/sophomore/junior/senior
学士/硕士/博士：bachelor/master/doctor
得到学位：obtain/receive a degree
文凭/证书：diploma/certificate
学年：academic year
学期：term/semester
进修成就：academic record
进修表示：academic performance
学分：credit
结业论文：thesis [本硕] dissertation [博士]
文科/理科：arts/science
本科生：undergraduate
大学结业生：college/university graduates
钻研生：postgraduate
博士生：Ph.D. candidate
幼儿园：kindergarten
小学：primary school/elementary school
中学：secondary school/high school
系/主修/辅修：department/major/minor
讲授举措措施：teaching facility
食堂：dining hall/canteen
宿舍：dormitory
选修课：elective/optional course
膏火：tuition fee
传授/副传授/讲师：professor/associate professor/lecturer
全部教员：faculty
毕生教诲：lifelong education
*本质教诲：quality-oriented education
*应试教诲：exam-oriented education
理论常识：theoretical knowledge
实践常识：practical knowledge
信息期间：information age
逃课：skip class
*德智体美劳周全成长：all around development of moral, intellectual, physical, aesthetics and labor education
进修空气：learning atmosphere
激起乐趣：stimulate one’s interest
开辟潜力：tap one’s potential
学生减负：reduce study load
做兼职：work part-time
*自我束缚：self-discipline
自我练习：self-training
代沟：generation gap
*停学/失学学生：school dropout/leaver
*课外勾当：extracurricular activity/ after-school program
学生会：students’ association
*钻研会：seminar
考研：take the Graduate School Admission Test
创业：start/build one’s own business
出国/出国留 ：go abroad/study abroad
就业：get/find a job
重点大学：key university
招生：recruit (v.)/recruitment (n.)
登科：enroll (v.)/ enrollment (n.)
申请入学：apply for admission to/into …
高考：College Entrance Examination/
雇主/雇员：employer/employee
职业培训：job training
奖学金：scholarship
专门人材：professional personnel
立异：innovation
经典模板句操练：
1.经由过程浏览，人们能更好的学会感恩、有责任心和与人互助。(CET-4)。
By/Through reading, people can better learn to be grateful, responsible and cooperative.
2.美国网民更多的是受现实必要的驱策，用互联网为东西发电子邮件、交易商品、做钻研、计划路程或付款。(CET-4)。
The American netizens are more likely to be driven by practical needs, using the Internet as a tool to send emails, buy and sell products, make researches, arrange trips or make payments.
3.中国的立异正以史无前例的速率蓬勃成长。(CET-4)。
China’s innovation is developing/flourishing 
at an unprecedented speed.
4.中国怙恃常常过于存眷孩子的进修。(CET-4)。
Chinese parents usually pay too much attention to their children’ s study / the study of their children.
●
四.政治经济类
●
一千：one thousand
一万：ten thousand
百万：one million
十亿：one billion
收益/本钱/利润/耗费：benefit/cost/profit/expense
优等品/劣质品：superior goods/inferior goods
危害/投资：risk/investment
商品：co妹妹odity
消费：consumption (n.)/consume (v.)
扣头：discount
发财的/成长中/欠发财：developed/developing/underdeveloped
经济危机：economic crisis
*经济阑珊：economic recession
经济萧条：economic depression
经济苏醒：economic recovery
*货泉贬值：devaluation
*通货膨胀：inflation
*顺差/逆差：favorable balance/adverse balance
*关税：tariff
*债务减免：debt relief
*海内补助：domestic subsidy
可延续成长：sustainable development
私营企业：private enterprise
采办力：purchasing power
预算：budget
*危害本钱：venture capital
经济调理：economic regulation
*技能密集型
财产：technology-intensive industry
*劳动密集型财产：labor-intensive industry
出口/入口：export/import
出产力：productivity
零售/批发：retail/wholesale
需求/供应：demand/supply
知足需求：meet the need
施行/推广：implement/carry out
夸大：emphasize
倡导：advocate
号令：call on
配合尽力：joint effort
*团体的/小我的：collective/individual
改良/加强/提高/鞭策：improve/enhance/boost/promote
解决：tackle/deal with/solve/address
人力资本：human resources
就业机遇：job opportunity
国度平安：national security
*鸿沟会商：boundary negotiation
核能：nuclear energy
*保持交际瓜葛：maintain diplomatic relations
*保护世界和平：safeguard world peace
版权：copyright
盗版：piracy
基因芯片：genetic chip
鼎新开放：reform and opening-up
技能让渡：technology transfer
航天技能：space technology
*尖端技能：state-of-the-art technology/cutting-edged technology
*革新传统：renovate conventional industries
*扶植国度立异系统：develop a national innovation system
工程中间：engineering center
*专利：patent
*利用型科研机构：application-based research institution
*工业进级：industrial upgrade
生物技能/生命科学：biotechnology/life science
纳米技能：nano technology
*收集犯法：cyber crime
网民：netizen
教诲公允：education equality
教诲器材：education equipment
沿海都会：coastal city
占…比例：account for … percent
*签订合同：sign a contract
解除贫苦：eliminate/reduce/get rid of poverty
情况庇护：environmental protection
污染预防：pollution prevention
污染节制：pollution control
治理情况污染：curb environmental pollution
根基政策：basic policies
*废水/废气：waste water/waste gas
*情况恶化：environmental degradation/deterioration
都会的/都会化：urban/urbanization
屯子的：rural
*开辟可再生资本：develop renewable resources
濒危野活泼物：endangered wildlife
*机器/机器化：machinery/mechanization
弥补辞汇：
必修课：required course
春节：the Spring Festival
大年节：Lunar New Year’s Eve
中秋节：Mid-autumn Festival
清明节：Tomb-sweeping Festival
元宵节：Lantern Festival
端五节：Dragon Boat Festival
大饭：family reunion dinner
烟花/爆仗：fireworks/firecracker
赏灯：view the lanterns
*贺年：pay a New Year call
豆类：bean
经典模板句操练：
1.中国当局建立了深圳经济特区，作为施行社会主义市场经济的实验田。(CET-4)
The Chinese government established the Shenzhen Special Economic Zone as the experimental plot for implementation of socialist market economy.
2.仅在11月11日，中国消费者就从海内最大的购物平台采办了价值90亿美元的商品。中国有很多如许的特别购物日。是以，快递业（courier）在中国扩大就层见迭出了。(CET-4)
Just on Nov. 11th, Chinese customers bought 9 billion dollars of goods from the biggest online shopping website. Since there are many such special shopping days in China, it is no wonder that courier services have expanded in China.
3.为了促成教诲公允，中国已投入360亿元，用于改良屯子地域教诲举措措施和增强中西部地域屯子义务教诲。(CET-4)
In order to promote the equality in education, China has invested 36 billion yuan to improve the education facilities in rural areas and enhance the rural compulsory education in the central and western regions.
4.2011年3月日本人核电站变乱后，中国的核能开辟停了下来。中断审批新的核电站，并展开天下性的核电平安查抄。(CET-4)
After the Japanese nuclear power plant/station accident in March, 2011, the development of the China’s nuclear power stopped. The approval of new nuclear power plants was suspended, and the nationwide nuclear energy safety inspection started.
5.早在利用机器和化肥以前，勤快和富有缔造性的中国农夫就已采纳各类各样的法子来增长农作物产量。(CET-6)
Long before the use of machinery and fertilizers, industrious and creative farmers had already used different kinds of methods to increase crop yields.
6.第二份陈述颁布了一些利用科学钻研的热点范畴，如3D打印和人造器官钻研。(CET-6)
The second report announces some heated areas in applied science, for instance, 3D printing and the study of artificial organs.
7.年均10%的GDP增加已使五亿多人脱贫。结合国的“千年（millennium）成长方针”在中国均已到达或行将到达。今朝，中国的第十二个五年计划夸大成长办事业息争决情况及社会不服衡的问题。(CET-6)
An average annual GDP growth rate at 10% makes over 500 million people get rid of poverty. The Millennium Development Goals of the U.N. either have been achieved or will be achieved soon in China. Currently, the 12th Five-Year Plan of China emphasizes the development of service industry and the solutions to environment and the imbalance of society.
8.这一新颁布的规划旨在削减四种重要污染源，包含500万辆灵活车的尾气（exhaust）排放、周边地域燃煤、来自北方的沙尘暴和当地的修建尘土。(CET-6)。
This newly announced plan aims to reduce four major pollution sources, including exhaust emissions from over 5 million vehicles, the burning of coals in the surrounding areas, the sandstorms and dust storms from the north areas and the local construction dusts.
9. 教诲部还决议改良欠发财地域学生的养分，并未外来务工职员的后代供给在都会接管教诲的等同机遇。(CET-6)
The Ministry of Education has also decided to improve the nutrition of students in underdeveloped areas and provide equal opportunity for the children of migrant workers to receive education in cities.
10.中国当局一向倡导“以报酬本”的成长理念，夸大人们以公交而不是私人车出行。它还号令扶植“资本节省和情况友爱型”社会。有了这个明白的方针，中国都会便可以更好地计划其成长，并把大量投资转向平安、干净和经济型交通体系的成长上。(CET-6)
The Chinese government invariably advocates the idea for development: “people are the most important element” and emphasizes that one should take public transportation rather than drive private cars. It also calls for the construction of a “resource-saving and environment-friendly” society.
11.在将来几年，中国将出力增长职业学院的招生人数：除存眷高档教诲外，还将寻觅新的冲破以确保教诲轨制加倍公允。(CET-6)
In the next few years, China will increase the number of people in vocational college. Except focusing on the higher education, the government will find a breakthrough point to ensure the justice of education.
12.若是怙恃决议为孩子报名加入一个课外班，以增长其被重点黉舍登科的机遇，他们会对峙本身的决议，即便孩子底子不感乐趣。(CET-6)
Once the parents decide to sign up an afterschool class for their children in order to increase their chance of being admitted to a good school, they will stick to their decision, even though their children have no interest in it at all.
13.中国的大学和钻研所正在踊跃展开立异钻研，这些钻研笼盖了从大数据到生物化学，重新能源到呆板人等各种高科技范畴。(CET-6)
Chinese universities and institutes are actively doing innovative researches, covering various fields of high technology, from big data to biochemistry, and from new energy to robots.
喜马拉雅FM/荔枝微课：英语播客Hely栗子
