2022年北京工商大学357英语翻译基础考研真题和答案——才聪考研

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《英语翻译基础》考试指导

全日制翻译硕士专业学位(MTI)研究生入学考试总共有四门考试科目:《政治理论》,总分100分;《翻译硕士英语》,总分100分;《英语翻译基础》总分150分;《汉语写作和百科知识》,总分150分。《英语翻译基础》是全日制翻译硕士专业学位研究生入学考试的基础课考试科目,重点考察考生的英汉互译专业技能和潜质。

本章通过对《英语翻译基础》考试大纲的解读以及对《英语翻译基础》试题的分析,引导考生了解宏观备考方向,并为考生提供具体可行的备考方法,使考生成功迈出《英语翻译基础》备考之旅的第一步。

1.1《英语翻译基础》大纲解读

全国翻译硕士专业学位教育指导委员会根据《全日制翻译硕士专业学位研究生指导性培养方案》以及培养高层次、应用型、专业性口笔译人才的教育目标,制定了全日制翻译硕士专业学位研究生入学考试大纲,其中,《英语翻译基础》考试大纲具体内容如下:

一、考试目的

《英语翻译基础》是全日制翻译硕士专业学位研究生入学考试的基础课考试科目,其目的是考察考生的英汉互译实践能力是否达到进入MIT学习阶段的水平。

二、考试性质及范围

本考试是测试考生是否具备基础翻译能力的尺度参照性水平考试。考试的范围包括MTI考生入学应具备的英语词汇量、语法知识以及英汉两种语言转换的基本技能。

三、考试基本要求

1具备一定中外文化,以及政治、经济、法律等方面的背景知识。

2.具备扎实的英汉两种语言的基本功。

3.具备较强的英汉/汉英转换能力。

四、考试形式

本考试采取客观试题与主观试题相结合,单项技能测试与综合技能测试相结合的方法,强调考生的英汉/汉英转换能力。试题分类参见“考试内容一览表”。

五、考试内容:

本考试包括二个部分:词语翻译和英汉互译。总分150分。

I.词语翻译

1.考试要求

要求考生准确翻译中英文术语或专有名词。

2.题型

要求考生较为准确地写出题中的30个汉/英术语、缩略语或专有名词的对应目的语。汉/英文各15个,每个1分,总分30分。考试时间为60分钟。

II.英汉互译

要求应试者具备英汉互译的基本技巧和能力;初步了解中国和目的语国家的社会、文化等背景知识;译文忠实原文,无明显误译、漏译;译文通顺,用词正确、表达基本无误;译文无明显语法错误;英译汉速度每小时250-350个英语单词,汉译英速度每小时150-250个汉字。

要求考生较为准确地翻译出所给的文章,英译汉为250-350个单词,汉译英为150-250个汉字,各占60分,总分150分。考试时间为180分钟。

《英语翻译基础》考试内容一览表

通过大纲描述的考试目的、性质、范围、基本要求、形式和内容,以下几点考生应予以注意:

1.翻译速度要求

大纲规定《英汉翻译基础》考试时间为180分钟,要求学生的英译汉翻译速度为每小时250-350个英语单词,汉译英为每小时150-250个汉字。

而全国翻译专业资格(水平)考试英语笔译三级要求英译汉翻译速度为100分钟500-650个单词,汉译英翻译速度为80分钟300-400个汉字。通过比较可知,《英汉翻译基础》翻译速度要求大致相当于或略低于全国翻译专业资格(水平)考试英语笔译三级翻译速度要求,客观来讲,在180分钟内完成《英汉翻译基础》这套试卷,题量并不算大,考试时间还是比较宽裕的。

但是,需要注意的是,由于各院校自主命题,个别院校试题的题量可能与大纲要求略有出入,甚至题量偏大,考生在平时练习过程中,在翻译速度方面决不能掉以轻心。

2.翻译质量要求

大纲要求考生具备扎实的英汉两种语言的基本功,能够准确翻译中英文术语或专有名词,译文忠实原文,无明显误译、漏译;译文通顺,用词正确、表达基本无误;译文无明显语法错误。由此可见,该考试主要考查“信”、“达”、“雅”翻译标准中比较基础的“信”和“达”,其中以“信”为最核心的要求。所以考生在备考中,应把握“准确”这个核心,锻炼翻译基本功,而非追求花哨的词语和表达方式,注重直译,在翻译中用词要准确、语法要正确、意思要完整、行文要通顺,当然,在保证准确传达原文意思的情况下,译文语言的美感也可为试卷锦上添花。

3.知识背景要求

大纲要求考生具备一定中外文化,以及政治、经济、法律等方面的背景知识。由此可见,该考试对学生知识储备能力要求较高,不仅有文化方面,还有时事政治、经济贸易、法律政策等各个领域。考生在备考过程中,应该通过报刊、网络等媒介广泛涉猎各领域知识,拓宽自己的知识面,加深文化素养。

充足的背景知识是理解原文的基础,而理解原文是翻译的首要步骤。任何文本都依赖于特定的“文化语境”(在社科领域此特征尤为突出),一个出色的译者必须首先是一个真正意义上的文化人。文化差异往往是翻译的一大障碍,不考虑文化差异的翻译往往会与原文作者想要表达的意思有出入,甚至大相径庭。译者只有深谙源语言的民族文化,才能逾越文化差异鸿沟,译出自然、地道的文章。

篇章翻译

第1节故事(Stories)

Practice 1

吴先生具备一位教师应具备的一切条件,只是不善于启发学生。他像钟表一样守时,像奴隶船上的一名划船工那样辛苦地备课。讲课时,凡引用书中原文,别人也许会照本宣科念给学生听,他却不管篇幅多长,都要全部背下来。阐述任何问题,他都是“第一……,第二……”条理清晰,活像一位教官在练兵,有点干巴,但绝不会空泛。他不是那种口若悬河讲得天花乱坠,细想却让人不知所云的教师。他讲的东西全都是有内容的,可能观点不全正确,但至少不会放空炮。

他从不拐弯抹角地提出任何观点,总是十分明确有力地表达出来。换句话说,他从不怕对任何意见表示自己的态度。对于一些历史史实,尤其是百科全书和各种参考书中可以找到的史实,吴先生是无懈可击的。你只能和他公正地争论有关鉴赏或阐释的问题。也正是在这方面,吴先生暴露了他的弱点。

但是这一弱点,并不是由于说理不清或立意不诚,这个弱点是人文主义者所具有的观点中固有的,而且是作为白碧德(Babbit; Babbitian)人文主义者所固有的。遗憾的是吴先生使自己被白碧德人文主义吸引住了,使得他的所有观点无不染上白碧德人文主义的色彩。伦理和艺术可悲地纠缠在一起,你常常搞不清他是在阐释文学问题呢,还是在宣讲道德问题。(489字)(杭州电子科技大学2014研)

【参考译文】

Mr. Wu is everything that a teacher ought to be, except to be inspiring. Punctual as a clock, he works like a galley-slave at his lectures. Where others would read a quotation out of a book, he would memorize it, however long it might be. He is as orderly as a drill-sergeant in the exposition of any subject, with his “firstly this” and “secondly that.”

Dull, perhaps; but never pointless. He is not one of those teachers, who talk of everything and say nothing. What he says does mean something: it may be wrong, but at least it is not hot air. He never hedges about any point; he always puts his foot plump on it. In other words, he is never afraid of committing himself to an opinion. On matters of fact, especially of those facts which are to be found in encyclopedias and books of reference, Mr. Wu is unimpeachable.

One can only fairly quarrel with him on matters of taste or of interpretation. In these, Mr. Wu shows his weakness; but it is not a weakness, due to haziness or any failing in sincerity: it is a weakness, inherent in his point of view, which is that of a humanist—a Babbitian humanist, at that. It is a pity Mr. Wu has allowed himself to be lured into Babbitian humanism. As it is, all his views are colored by it. Ethics and art get woefully mixed up. Often, one is puzzled whether he is delivering himself on a question of literature or of morality.

Practice 2

l. 中国大陆、港、澳、台地区以及海外华人学者、研究生均可参选。

2. 参选论文以中、英文语言为限,必须在2010年内公开发表于正式的学术刊物。

3. 论文奖每年颁发一次,每次设奖额3名,不分等级,每位得奖者将获颁奖励证书及奖金港币3,000元。

4. 论文评审委员会由中国大陆、港、澳、台地区从事翻译研究的知名学者组成。

5. 参选论文恕不退稿。(四川外语学院2012研)

Stephen C. Soong (1919—1996) was a prolific writer as well as an active figure in the promotion of translation education and research. To commemorate his contributions in this field, the Stephen C .Soong Translation Studies Awards were set up in 1997 by the Research Centre for Translation, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, with a donation from the Soong family.

It gives recognition to academics who have made contributions to original research in Chinese Translation Studies, particularly in the use of first-hand sources for historical and cultural investigations. General regulations are as follows:

1. Eligibility is limited to Chinese scholars or research students affiliated to mainland Chinese, Hong Kong, Taiwan, Macau or overseas higher education/research institutes.

2. Submissions must be articles written in either Chinese or English and published in a refereed journal within the calendar year 2009.

3. The prize will be awarded annually to three winners without distinction of grades. A certificate and a cheque of HK $3,000 will be awarded to each winning entry.

4. The adjudication committee consists of renowned scholars in Translation Studies from Greater China, Hong Kong, Macau and Taiwan.

5. Articles submitted will not be returned to the candidates.

Practice 3

“中国航天之父”钱学森和中国“欧洲古典艺术歌曲权威”蒋英的结合堪称科学和艺术的完美联姻。

因为父辈为世交,钱学森和蒋英自幼青梅竹马,都受到很好的家庭教育。1947年,他们在上海喜结良缘,而他们的结婚“信物”——黑色三角钢琴,也一直伴随他们。

回国后40多年里,每当蒋英登台演出或指挥学生毕业演出时,她总要请钱学森去听、去评论。

谈到文艺对科学思维的启示和开拓时,钱学森说:“在我对一件工作遇到困难而百思不得其解的时候,往往是蒋英的歌声使我豁然开朗,得到启示。”

每当听到蒋英的歌声时,钱学森总是自豪地说:我是多么有福气啊!

1991年10月16日,钱老在人民大会堂“国家杰出贡献科学家”授奖仪式上即兴演讲时说:“44年来,蒋英给我介绍了音乐艺术,这些艺术里所包含的诗情画意和对人生的深刻的理解,使我丰富了对世界的认识,学会了艺术的广阔思维方法。或者说,正因为我受到这些艺术方面的熏陶,所以我才能够避免死心眼,避免机械唯物论,想问题能够更宽一点、活一点。”(天津外国语学院2010研)

The marriage between “Father of Chinese Aviation” Qian Xuesen and “Authority of European Classical Art Song” Jiang Ying can be rated as a perfect alliance of science and art.

Because of their parents’ long-standing friendship, Qian and Jiang knew each other from childhood and they got similarly good family education. In 1947, they got married in Shanghai and kept their pledge of love—a black grand piano since then.

In the following 40 years after returning homeland, Jiang invited Qian to listen and comment her work whenever she had a stage performance or conducting job on graduation concerts.

Speaking of arts’ revelatory and broadening influence on scientific thinking, Qian says: “It is her songs that enlighten me whenever I am puzzled by some difficulties at work.”

“How blessed I am!” Qian said proudly, every time he heard Jiang’s songs.

On Oct.16, 1991, while giving a spontaneous speech on receiving “National Outstanding Contribution Award for Scientists” at the award ceremony held in Great Hall of the People, Qian says: “For 44 years, Jiang introduced to me the music which embodies poetic romance and deep comprehension of life.

It enriches my understanding of the world and teaches me an artistically broad way of thinking. In other words, it is right because of this artistic nurture that helps me avoid obstinateness and metaphysical materialism and makes my mind open and flexible.”

Practice 4

吴祖光,江苏人,以剧作家闻名。他的第一部作品《风雪夜归人》使他一举成名。他还涉足电影,京剧。“梅兰芳的艺术舞台”被认为是梅兰芳舞台纪录片中最好的一部。吴祖光就是这部电影的导演。(北京第二外国语学院2009研)

Wu Zuguang, a native of Jiangsu, was well
2022年北京工商大学357英语翻译基础考研真题和答案——才聪考研插图
-known as playwright. His first work Return on a Snowy Night brought him instant fame. He also set foot in the fields of film and Peking opera. “Mei Lanfang’s artistic stage”, directed by Wu Guangzu, is considered as the best one of all the documentaries about Mei Lanfang’s stage life.

Practice 5

1936年竺可桢受命出任浙江大学校长。在此之前,他已经是一位声名卓著的自然科学家了。从1936年到1949年,竺可桢当了十三年大学校长。在连绵不断的战争、学运的夹缝中,在极为恶劣的环境下,他跋涉五千里、五易校址、历经五省、颠沛流离,居然将这所他接手时只有三个学院、十六个系的大学办成拥有七个学院、二十七个系全国最完整的两所大学之一。(北京第二外国语学院2008研)

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