- A+
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Part B
Directions:
Read the following text and answer the questions by choosing the mostsuitable subheading from the list A-G for each of the numbered paragraphs(41-45). There are two extra subheadings which you do not need to use. Mark youranswers on the ANSWER SHEET. (10 points)
A.Stay calm
B.Stay humble
C.Don't make judgements
D.Be realistic about the risks
E.Decide whether to wait
F.Identify a shared goal
G.Ask permission to disagree.
How to disagree with someone more powerful than you
Your boss proposes a new initiative you think won't work.Your seniorcolleague outlines a project timeline you believe is unrealistic.What do you seewhen you disagree with someone who has more power than you do?How do you decidewhether it's worth speaking up? And if you do, what exactly should you say?Here'show to disagree with someone more powerful than you.
41.------___________________
You may decide it's best to hold off on voicing your opinion.Maybe youhaven't finished thinking the problem through, or you want to get a clearersense of what the group thinks.If you think other people are going to disagree,too, you might want to gather your army first.People can contribute experienceor information to your thinking—all the things that would make the disagreementstronger or more valid.It's also a good idea to delay the conversation if youare in a meeting or other public space.Discussing the issue in private will makethe powerful person feel less threatened.
42.___________________
Before you share your thoughts, think about what the powerful person caresabout—it may be the credibility of their team or getting a project done ontime.You're more likely to be heard if you can connect your disagreement to ahigher purpose.State it overtly, contextualizing your statements so that you'reseen not as a disagreeable subordinate but as a colleague who's trying toadvance a common objective.The discussion will then become more like a chessgame than a boxing match.
43.___________________
This step may sound overly deferential, but it'sa smart way to give thepowerful person psychological safety and control.You can see something like, “Iknow we seem to be moving toward a first-quarter commitment here.I have reasonsto think that won't work.I'd like to layout my reasoning.Would that be OK?”Thisgives the personal choice, allowing him to verbally opt in.And, assuming he saysyes, it will make you feel more confident about voicing your disagreement.
44.____________________
You might feel your heart racing or your face tum ning red, but do whateveryou can to remain natural in both your words and actions.When your body languagecommunicates reluctance or anxiety, it undercuts the message.It sends a mixedmessage, and your counterpart gets to choose what signals to read.Deep breathscan help, as can speaking more slowly and deliberately.When we feel panicky, wetend to talk louder and faster.Simply slowing the pace and talking in an eventone helps the other person cooldown and does the same for you.It also makes youseem confident, even if you aren't.
45.___________________
Emphasize that you're only offering your opinion, not gospel truth.It maybe a well-informed, well-researched opinion, but it's still an opinion, so talktentatively and slightly under state your confidence.Instead of saying, “If weset an end-of-quarter deadline, we will never make it, ”say, “This is just myopinion, but Idon't see how we will make that deadline.”Having asserted yourperfectly willing to talk- and may even be flattered to receive yourattention.
参考答案：E F G A B
整体评述：阅读理解B部分本部分有两种备选题型。每次考试从这两种题型中选择其中的一种形式，或者两种形式的组合进行考查。本次考试考查类型为小标题对应。从近几年小标题的考查来看，越来越注重考生对于段落主旨的理解和把握。答案特征多为段落概括及同义改写，要求考生更加注重基础能力。
解题思路
41------.___________________
①You may decide it's best to hold off on voicing your opinion. ②Maybe youhaven't finished thinking the problem through, or you want to get a clearersense of what the group thinks. ③If you think other people are going todisagree, too, you might want to gather your army first. ④People can contributeexperience or information to your thinking—all the things that would make thedisagreement stronger or more valid. ⑤It's also a good idea to delay theconversation if you are in a meeting or other public space. ⑥Discussing theissue in private will make the powerful person feel less threatened.
答案：E.Decide whether to wait决定是否等待
解析：快速阅读本段，第一句①你可能决定最好不要说出你的意见，接着句②对第一句可能的原因解释，句③和④设想了一种情况other people aregoing to disagree(其他人不同意)并作出解释People can contribute experience or information toyour thinking(其他人能为你的想法贡献经验或信息)，句⑤和⑥delay theconversation(推迟对话)的另一种条件及解决方案discussing the issue inprivate(私下讨论问题)。本段主要围绕不要表明个人意见的时机和条件展开，属于概括，故选E。
42.___________________
①Before you share your thoughts, think about what the powerful person caresabout—it may be the credibility of their team or getting a project done on time.②You're more likely to be heard if you can connect your disagreement to a higherpurpose. ③State it overtly, contextualizing your statements so that you're seennot as a disagreeable subordinate but as a colleague who's trying to advance acommon objective.④The discussion will then become more like a chess game than aboxing match.
答案：F.Identify a shared goal确定共同的目标
解析：快速阅读本段，本段的主题在第③句，State it overtly, contextualizing your statements sothat you're seen not as a disagreeable subordinate but as a colleague who'strying to advance a commonobjective.(公开地陈述，设身处地着想，这样你就不会被视为一个令人讨厌的下属，而是一个试图实现共同目标的同事。)由此可见，本题同义改写共同目标，故选F。
43.___________________
①This step may sound overly deferential, but it'sa smart way to give thepowerful person psychological safety and control.②You can see something like, “Iknow we seem to be moving toward a first-quarter commitment 
here. ③I havereasons to think that won't work.④I'd like to layout my reasoning.⑤Would that beOK?”⑥This gives the personal choice, allowing him to verbally opt in.⑦And,assuming he says yes, it will make you feel more confident about voicing yourdisagreement.
答案：G.Ask permission to disagree.要求允许不同意
解析：快速阅读本段，①句表明This step的好处，具体指代需读后面的举例②③④⑤，⑥和⑦对于这种方法作出总结，所以重点理解方法的指代，③Ihave reasons to think that won't work.(我有理由认为这行不通。)对应结尾句的voicing yourdisagreement(表达你的不同意)，④I'd like to layout my reasoning.(我想要罗列出理由)及⑤Would that beOK?表明在征求许可，结合③④⑤，故选G。
44.____________________
①You might feel your heart racing or your face turnning red, but dowhatever you can to remain natural in both your words and actions.②When yourbody language communicates reluctance or anxiety, it undercuts the message.③Itsends a mixed message, and your counterpart gets to 
choose what signals to read.④Deep breaths can help, as can speaking more slowly and deliberately.⑤When wefeel panicky, we tend to talk louder and faster.⑥Simply slowing the pace andtalking in an even tone helps the other person cooldown and does the same foryou.⑦It also makes you seem confident, even if you aren't.
答案：A.Stay calm. 保持冷静
解析：快速阅读本段，第一句①but后转折but do whatever you can to remain natural in both yourwords and actions(但无论你说什么，做什么，都要尽量保持自然)，点明本段主旨。④句中speaking moreslowly及⑥句中slowing the pace是保持自然的具体方法，目的是⑥句中cooldown(冷静下来)。故选A。
45.___________________
①Emphasize that you're only offering your opinion, not gospel truth. ②Itmay be a well-informed, well-researched opinion, but it's still an opinion, sotalk tentatively and slightly under state your confidence.③Instead of saying,“If we set an end-of-quarter deadline, we will never make it, ”say, “This isjust my opinion, but Idon't see how we will make that deadline.”④Having assertedyour opinion(as a position, not as a fact) , demonstrate equal curiosity aboutother views.⑤Remind the person that this is your point of view, and then invitecritique.⑥Be open to hearing other opinions.
答案：B.Stay humble保持谦虚
解析：快速阅读本段，第一句①Emphasize that you're only offering your opinion, not gospeltruth.(强调你只是提出你的观点，而不是传播真理。)及最后一句⑥Be open to hearing otheropinions.(虚心听取别人的意见。)表明段落主旨，故选B。
